Scope: Sukuk (Islamic bonds) structuring allows for financing while ensuring Shariah compliance. Unlike conventional bonds, Sukuk must be backed by tangible assets and structured on permissible investment bases.

Process: Sukuk are structured using various models, such as Ijara (lease-based), Musharakah (partnership-based), and Murabaha (cost-plus financing). Shariah documentation verifies compliance through agreements, asset ownership transfer, and distribution of returns based on asset performance.

Challenges: Ensuring consistent asset backing, legal enforceability, and clear documentation in various jurisdictions is complex, as is maintaining Shariah compliance across the life cycle of the Sukuk.

Examples: Major Sukuk issuances include sovereign Sukuk by countries like Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and the UAE, and corporate Sukuk by entities like Dubai Ports and HSBC Amanah.